Letterature di lingua inglese 2018-19
|
| Letterature di lingua inglese 2018-19 |
|
|
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi October 1869– 30 January 1948
Gandhi's Life pdf
Gandhi: Pilgrim of Peace (I997) - video English https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lncPJoGnyBw
From Gandhiserve.org - youtube channel
“My life is my message”
caste: Brahmini - Ksatryia - Vasjia - Sudra + dalit (untouchable)
UKA pdf
13 anni: Kasturba [or Kasturbai]
1902
ashram
1888 - England
Vegeterianism
...will not be narrowed down to the mere promulgation of the principles of dietetic reform. It will endeavour to formulate the essential conditions necessary for the attainment of that ideal, first in the physical and then in the mental, moral and spiritual will endeavour first to lay fast the foundations of the perfect physical life; but, from that,- step upwards, it will point to the ever-ascending path of progress which culminates in the final redemption of the world....
1891 - India
1893 South Africa
----
---
Natan Congress Party
1896 - India a prendere la famiglia
1906-7 Registration Act >>> satyagraha, active non-violent resistance, "firmness in truth"
sat - truth, agraha - firmness > firmness in truth
ahimsa - non-violence, love
brahmacharya - celibacy, striving towards God
"An oppressor's efforts will be in vain if we refuse to submit
to his tyranny. Slavery consists in submitting to an
unjust social order, not in suffering ourselves to be kicked.
Real courage and humanity consist in not returning a kick
for a kick. This is the core of Tolstoy's teaching."
"Passive Resistance is a method for securing rights by personal suffering: it is the reverse of resistance by arms. When I refuse to do a thing that is repugnant to my conscience, I use soul-force … if I do not obey the law, and accept the penalty for its breach, I use soul-force. It involves sacrifice of self …"
Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule
1915 torna in India
DISCORSO TENUTO DA GANDHI ALLA CONFERENZA DELLE RELAZIONI ASIATICHE, NEW DELHI, 2 APRILE 1947 - "FATE BATTERE I VOSTRI CUORI ALL'UNISONO CON LE MIE PAROLE" -
Radha Kamal Mukherjee writes, in 1846 India
“did not export any cotton goods at all, but had to import from England 213,840,000 yards of cloth as compared to 51 million yards in 1835 and only 800,000 yards in 1814. India’s de-industrialisation, increasing dependence upon agriculture and the severity of a series of farmers for the first time now exposed the weakness of her economic structure due to political dependence.” [Radha Kamal Mukherjee, The Economic History of India 1600-1800, Kitab Mahal, Calcutta 1967, p. 1]
1919 Rowlatt Act >> satyagraha a livello nazionale
"Why of course I read Thoreau, I read Walden first in Johannesburg in South Africa in 1906 and his ideas influenced me greatly. I adopted some of them and recommended the study of Thoreau to all my friends who were helping in. the cause of Indian independence. Why I actually took the name of my movement from Thoreau's essay On the Duty of Disobedience written about eighty years ago. Until I read that essay, I never found a suitable English translation for my Indian word-Satyagraha. You remember that Thoreau invented and practised the idea of civil disobedience in Concord, Massachusetts, by refusing to pay his Poll tax as a protest against the United States Government. He went to jail too. There is no doubt that Thoreau's ideas greatly influenced my movement in India."
1921: civil disobedience >> swaraji or Indian HOME RULE
No violance+ no cooperation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=vaixO3hbNa0&feature=endscreen Gandhi using a Spinning Wheel in India - Gandhi video footage
November 1927 - Simon Commission >> ultimatum dell?indian congress: entro il dicembre 1929 l'india doveva essere trasformata in un Dominio all'interno dell'Impero
1930 e la marcia del sale >> QUIT INDIA – indipendenza
March 20, 1930 Salt March
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJdErHQGEHM Footage - Gandhi - 1930 April, #02
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovHlET4khp8 Footage - Gandhi - 1930 April, #03
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixBF_USTZcg&feature=related Footage - Events - Salt Satyagraha - 1930 April, #05
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLYIEajnqnI Gandhi visits the poor people of England in 1931 - Gandhi Video Footage
http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=endscreen&v=aL7b7uhYLl4 Mahatma Gandhi's travel to London
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dpjBWw5w444 Interview to Gandhi
Ambedkar. leader intoccabili
1934: ‘Made in India!’ - fonda Sevagram Segaon
1939: Dichiarazione di guerra alla Germania
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqf0N9GDF4A&feature=channel Footage - Gandhi - 1939 March, #011942 Quit India!
Gandhi and Jinnah in Bombay 1944 video
Mohammed Ali Jinnah
Muslim League vs Indian National Congress
Lord Mountbatten replaced Lord Wavell as Viceroy of India in 1947
Indian Independence Act - midnight on August 14-15, 1947
India Pakistan Partition BBC Special Presentation
30 January 1948 Gandhi dies
1. Dominion of Pakistan created on 14 August 1947. Became world's first Islamic Republic in 1956. New city of Islamabad replaced Karachi as capital in the mid 1960s
2. British India was made up of provinces, princely states and state agencies. An independent Union of India was created on 15 August 1947 and renamed the Republic of India in 1950
3. Punjab was split in two. Majority Muslim western part became Pakistan's Punjab province; majority Sikh and Hindu eastern part became India's Punjab state
4. Bengal divided into Indian state of West Bengal and East Pakistan, which became East Bengal in 1956 and Bangladesh achieved independence after a civil war in 1971
Coca-Cola Small World Machines - Bringing India & Pakistan Together
1971 tensions between East and West Pakistan over Bengali >> civil war
1972 Bangladesh became an independent country
Debunking the Gandhi Myth: Arundhati Roy
In India, Gandhi’s Halo Glows Less Brightly for Hindu Right and Lower Castes
Major western brands pay Indian garment workers 11p an hour
